Sep 6, 2007
By Kalinga Seneviratne
SINGAPORE - They share the same Malay cultural roots and Islamic faith, but the poor treatment of Indonesian workers in Malaysia has soured relations between the Southeast Asian neighbors. Political commentators view the growing clash as one arising from class rather than ethnicity or even nationalism.
In the latest flare-up, thousands of young Indonesians burned Malaysian flags and demonstrated in front of the Malaysian Embassy in Jakarta and consulates elsewhere after the physical assault of an Indonesian karate coach by Malaysian police. The fact that the police were hunting for illegal Indonesian immigrants at the time has also inflamed tensions in Indonesia.
Donald Luther Kolobita, 47, was part of the Indonesian team competing in the Asian Karate Championships in Kuala Lumpur on August 24 when he was confronted by four plainclothes police officers late at night outside his hotel. Thinking they were trying to rob him, Kolobita put up a fight before he was overpowered, handcuffed and taken to the police station, where he was savagely assaulted.
Kolobita returned to Jakarta in a wheelchair and the Indonesian team withdrew from the championship. The Speaker of Indonesia's parliament, Agung Laksono, called the attack "an arrogant act on the part of the Malaysian police against an Indonesian citizen", and President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono demanded that the Malaysian police apologize.
On Friday, Malaysian Police Chief Musa Hassan sent a written apology to Kolobita, which was hand-delivered to his hospital bedside in Jakarta by Malaysian Ambassador Zainal Abidin Zain. But anger in Indonesia has not yet subsided, with young activists continuing their protests outside the Malaysian Embassy.
The episode represents the latest in a series of complaints about the ill-treatment of Indonesians in Malaysia, especially among migrant workers. There are almost 600,000 officially documented Indonesian workers in Malaysia and, according to unofficial estimates, there may be an equal number of illegal workers in the country.
An estimated 27% of the Indonesian legal workers serve as domestic maids. A spate of documented abuse cases against domestic servants has intensified Indonesia’s anger over a heavy-handed crackdown on illegal workers.
"Malays in Malaysia always think of Javanese [Indonesians] as ethnically inferior compared with them," said Ade Armando, a communications lecturer at the University of Indonesia. "This is justified by the fact that the Indonesians they mostly see are laborers or maids."
Yap Swee Seng, executive director of the Malaysian human-rights group Suaram, argues that the anger expressed by Indonesians is indicative of the "long-accumulated anger against Malaysia for its rampant abuse, exploitation and human-rights violations of Indonesian migrant workers". He contends that the Malaysian government is not committed to stopping abuse.
"There have been too many abuse cases with almost total impunity enjoyed by the perpetuators," Yap said. "The majority of the Indonesian migrant workers have been employed in the '3-D' jobs - dangerous, discriminatory and degrading. Therefore, there are widespread discriminatory and arrogant attitudes against the migrant workers in general."
Just a few days before the attack on Kolobita, the Indonesian government, prompted by the death of a 24-year-old maid at the hands of abusive employers, stepped up pressure on Malaysia to take swift action against the broad ill-treatment of Indonesian workers. In the past three months, there were two cases of Indonesian maids being rescued by firefighters after they were spotted hanging from window ledges of highrise condominiums trying to escape their abusive employers. Maids often suffer and report physical attacks, but prosecutions are rare.
Irene Fernandez, director of Tenaganita, a leading migrant workers' rights group, said this year that on average 150-200 migrant workers, the majority of them maids, seek refuge at the Indonesian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur every month. She blamed both the Malaysian and Indonesian governments for failing to protect the rights of migrant workers.
"As long as the Malaysian government does not address this fundamental issue, such incidents will continue to happen," she told Al-Jazeera television in a recent interview.
Yap agrees. "Domestic workers are among the most abused people in Malaysia, as they work in isolated and insulated environments," he said. "They should be allowed one rest day in a week and be allowed to meet with their friends, and join or form trade unions, so that they will have a support system."
Yap argued that there should be "a total reform in the policy and legal system in Malaysia in dealing with migrant workers" and that without such reforms the Malaysian government "will be equally guilty by its inaction against such human-rights violations".
Armando said: "I do not think we as a nation are so angry with Malaysia." He argued that rather than protesting against Malaysia, young people in Jakarta should protest to the Indonesian government for "failing to provide our people with the type of job opportunities that are offered in Malaysia".
He said the two countries' middle classes have considerable mutual respect and noted that Indonesian cultural products can be found everywhere in Malaysia.
"I believe, to some extent, the Malaysian younger middle classes envy the type of freedom enjoyed by their counterparts in Indonesia," he said.
(Inter Press Service)
